Introduction
South Africa, characterised by abundant sunlight and lifestyles that often gravitate towards outdoor activities, has one of the highest incidences of skin cancer globally. In this comprehensive guide, we will discuss the essentials of recognising skin cancer signs and embracing a sunsafe lifestyle for a healthier you.
Causes of Skin Cancer
Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is the primary cause of skin cancer. Importantly, prolonged exposure in childhood may lead to the development of skin cancer in adulthood. Additional risk factors include genetics, fair skin, particularly individuals with blonde or red hair and light colour eyes, people with multiple moles, individuals with compromised immune systems, and, in some cases, certain medications.
Symptoms of Different Types of Skin Cancer
Recognising the symptoms of skin cancer is crucial for early detection. From basal cell carcinoma to melanoma, understanding the signs can prompt timely action.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): Often presents as pearly, waxy, shiny or translucent nodules or bumps or as pinkish patches or irritated areas. They may also present as sores that don't heal or keep returning.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): SCC frequently appear as red, firm nodules, or scaly crusted surfaces. They may also appear as raised lumps and similar to Basal cell carcinomas may present as sores that don't heal, or keep returning.
Melanoma: Melanomas are identified as darker patches or spots on the skin. Signs of melanoma are identified using the ABCDE rule:
Asymmetry:Â One half of the spot differs from the other half.
Border Irregularity:Â Edges are uneven, irregular, or blurred.
Color Variation:Â The color varies with shades of tan, brown, black, white, red, or blue.
Diameter:Â The spot is larger than the size of a pencil eraser (usually more than 6mm).
Evolving:Â Changes in size, shape, or color over time, along with new symptoms like itching, tenderness, or bleeding.
Remember, recognising these signs early can significantly contribute to effective prevention and treatment. If you notice any of these signs, consult a healthcare professional promptly for a thorough examination. Regular self-exams and professional skin screenings are essential for early detection and maintaining skin health.
Prevention
Being safe in the sun involves adopting preventive measures such as applying sunscreen, avoiding sun exposure between 10am and 3pm, wearing protective clothing, seeking shade, and avoiding tanning beds. Tailor these practices to your unique risk factors, including medication use, and discuss them with your doctor.
Sunscreen Application:
Choose a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher.
Apply sunscreen generously to all exposed skin.
Reapply every two hours, especially after swimming or sweating.
Pay extra attention to commonly missed areas like ears, neck, and the back of hands.
Remember, sunscreen is necessary even on cloudy days, as UV rays penetrate through clouds.
Protective Clothing:
Opt for long-sleeved shirts and long pants.
Wear wide-brimmed hats to shield the face, neck, and ears.
Invest in sunglasses that block both UVA and UVB rays.
Seeking Shade:
Limit sun exposure during peak hours, typically from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.
Utilize umbrellas, trees, or built structures for shade.
Plan outdoor activities in the early morning or late afternoon.
Avoiding Tanning Beds:
Artificial UV radiation from tanning beds increases the risk of skin cancer.
Treatment Options
If diagnosed, various treatment options are available. The choice depends on the type and stage of skin cancer.
This January, let's commit to being safe in the sunshine and prioritise our skin health. Schedule a skin review with your doctor, adopt preventive measures, and share this information with loved ones. By staying informed and taking proactive steps, we can collectively reduce the impact of skin cancer in South Africa.
*Please note that this article is for general information purposes only. Please speak to your doctor with regards to specific recommendations and concerns.